{"id":6497,"date":"2026-04-24T16:14:23","date_gmt":"2026-04-24T09:14:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ogrindoitb.com\/?p=6497"},"modified":"2026-04-24T16:14:24","modified_gmt":"2026-04-24T09:14:24","slug":"rheological-interactions-between-barium-and-sulfate-ions-in-hpg-fracturing-fluids-insight-baru-dari-penggunaan-produced-water","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ogrindoitb.com\/en\/rheological-interactions-between-barium-and-sulfate-ions-in-hpg-fracturing-fluids-insight-baru-dari-penggunaan-produced-water\/","title":{"rendered":"Rheological Interactions Between Barium and Sulfate Ions in HPG Fracturing Fluids: New Insights from the Use of Produced Water"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Figure 1. Barium and sulfate in produced water<\/em> exhibit different effects on performance of fracturing fluid<\/em>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Utilization of produced water<\/em> as an alternative in fracturing fluid<\/em> formulation is gaining increasing attention in the oil and gas industry, particularly amid limited freshwater availability in the field. However, the complexity of the chemical composition of produced water<\/em>, especially the presence of monovalent and divalent ions, can significantly affect the rheological properties of the fluid, including viscosity, which is a key parameter in the success of hydraulic fracturing<\/em>. Therefore, a deeper understanding of ion\u2013polymer interactions becomes crucial in designing fracturing fluid<\/em> which is optimal and applicable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This study reviews the results of recent research on the effects of barium and sulfate ions on hydroxypropyl guar (HPG)-based fracturing fluid<\/em> , as well as their implications for the use of produced water<\/em> in the field.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Utilization of Produced Water<\/em> in Fracturing Fluid<\/em>: Challenges and Opportunities<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The use of produced water<\/em> offers advantages in terms of availability and cost efficiency. However, its complex ionic composition can affect the stability and performance of fracturing fluid<\/em>. Dissolved ions, both monovalent and divalent, are known to play a role in determining fluid viscosity and flow behavior, and therefore require further investigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Research Objective: Understanding the Role of Ions in Performance Fracturing Fluids<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This study aims to evaluate the effect of divalent ions, particularly barium (Ba\u00b2\u207a) and sulfate (SO\u2084\u00b2\u207b), on the viscosity of HPG-based fracturing fluid <\/em>. In addition, this study also aims to understand how these ions influence the rheological behavior of the fluid under various operating conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Testing Methodology: Evaluation of HPG Fluid Rheology under Various Conditions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The testing was conducted experimentally using HPG solutions with varying concentrations of barium and sulfate ions. The main parameter observed was fluid viscosity under different shear rate<\/em> and temperature conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In general, the testing includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n